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Many types of protective finishes are available for the copper conductors on PCBs, and when making a choice, it helps to know the characteristics and relative costs of each when developing a PCB for the highest performance over the longest lifetime. Learn more in this blog posting.
Not all circuit materials are formulated or characterized for the different sets of environmental conditions required for these many different applications, and circuit materials for high frequency, high speed digital (HSD) circuits for challenging operating environments should be carefully considered. Learn about these effects in this article.
VNAs have traditionally been high priced capital equipment that needed to be justified with many use cases. While Copper Mountain Technologies has made moderately priced, PC driven VNAs for many years, it is only recently that several low cost, full featured models became available from other manufacturers. Here is a comparison of some models.
5G Americas explores the future opportunity of precision timing in 5G networks and how they are beginning to tackle some of the most challenging basic requirements of time-critical services. Compared with satellite-based precision that forms the basis for so many timing systems, 5G networks offer a unique capability: providing indoor coverage at micro-second level precision and wireless timing delivery.
IMS 2022 was close to back to normal with about 6500 total attendees and 450 exhibiting companies in Denver – a great sight to see. The mood was very energetic, and everyone was very happy to see each other since it was close to two years since many had been together. Read this short summary.
While much has been covered in previous blogs about the dielectric material properties of PCBs, knowing more about copper can reveal how it impacts the performance of high frequency analog and high speed digital (HSD) PCBs. Not all PCB copper conductors are created equal.
Df is important for prediction of insertion loss in passive devices. If insertion loss is higher than predicted, then power transfer through a device may be too low and a higher power transmitter or more elements would be necessary. Presented here are four methods of extracting Dk and Df from dielectric samples of an unknown material and the pros and cons of each.
A few weeks ago, the FCC issued a Notice of Inquiry to kick off a program for regulating the receivers in wireless communications. This may sound like an arcane and meaningless action to some people. But I congratulate the FCC commissioners for starting this action, as I see this step as absolutely necessary to our 6G future.
Creating electronic components and circuits with three-dimensional (3D) printers holds great promise for high-frequency-analog and high-speed-digital (HSD) devices. With the right printable electronic materials, 3D printing can form fine feature sizes needed for new levels of dielectric component performance.
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