ARTICLES

Frequency Synthesis: Current Solutions and New Trends

This article presents an overview of microwave frequency synthesizer technologies. Various synthesizer architectures along with their main characteristics are analyzed. The new markets’ demands, design challenges and possible solutions are considered.
The appeal of a low cost, high performance frequency synthesizer as a key component of virtually any test and measurement (T&M), communication and monitoring system is recognized throughout the microwave industry. 1–5 Although all synthesizers exhibit significant differences as a result of specific applications, they share basic fundamental design...
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