Neither the impedance nor the radiation characteristics of the constituent antennas change when co-designed with this technique. The panel mockup and its corresponding 3D-radiation patterns are shown in Figure 14. The design meets the radiation specifications for both the microwave and mmWave frequency bands.

Figure 14

Figure 14 Antenna placement within a smartphone for Example 4: orientation (a) and radiation patterns (b).

Example 5

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The last approach is to integrate a high gain end-fire mmWave antenna with a microwave-printed monopole (see Figure 15). Here, the high gain compact printed Yagi-Uda antenna delivers a unidirectional beam in the mmWave frequency band. The printed monopole with a truncated ground is tuned along with the presence of the printed Yagi antenna. The panel mount configuration for commercial phones and corresponding 3D radiation patterns are shown in Figure 16.

Figure 15

Figure 15 Schematic of co-design Example 5.

Figure 16

Figure 16 Antenna placement within a smartphone for Example 5: orientation (a) and radiation patterns (b).

CONCLUSION

Multi-frequency antenna systems are essential for compatibility with hardware transceivers in upcoming smartphones. In addition, the impedance and radiation integrity of the individual antennas operating in the mmWave and microwave bands must be preserved. Several design approaches to realize these requirements are demonstrated in this article as potential candidates for future smartphones.

References

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  2. S. K. Koul and G. S. Karthikeya, Antenna Architectures for Future Wireless Devices, Springer Nature, Singapore, 2021.
  3. S. K. Koul and G. S. Karthikeya, Millimeter Wave Antennas for 5G Mobile Terminals and Base Stations, CRC Press, 2020.
  4. M. I. Magray, G. S. Karthikeya, J. H. Tarng and S. K. Koul, “Co-Design of 4G LTE and Millimeter-Wave 5G Antennas for Future Mobile Devices,” Wideband, Multiband, and Smart Antenna Systems. Signals and Communication Technology, Springer Nature, Switzerland, 2021.
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