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Recent developments in measurement and modeling technology have focused on technology-independent, measurement-based black box models. This white paper examines the different nonlinear models and measurement systems available today and how they can be used with Microwave Office®, a leading high-frequency design environment from AWR Corporation.

Traditional conducted-signal testing of mobile devices provides a more repeatable testing environment than testing with a radiated signal. However, the planned evolution of Fourth-Generation (4G) wireless technologies is critically dependent on Multiple-Input Multiple-Output (MIMO) antenna configurations, which promise significant data-rate increases based on moderate increases in complexity. Therefore, an over-the-air (OTA) testing methodology is needed to account for antenna behavior within the device evaluation.

High-power devices are common building blocks in RF and microwave communication systems. One such device, the high-power amplifier, plays an especially critical role in today’s mobile phones, base stations for cellular and mobile wireless infrastructure and satellite communication systems. In the base station market, for example, high power amplifiers approaching 100 watts are typical. To obtain the most power from these devices, engineers are forced to push them to their limit, often driving them into the nonlinear region of operation. Such nonlinear behavior can be problematic to the amplifier and is typically a contributing factor in wasted frequency spectrum in communication applications. Accurately characterizing and understanding this behavior is critical to enabling today’s engineer to design and verify efficient high-power devices like amplifiers.

technology continues to advance, there are an ever-increasing number of semiconductors that are declared EOL (End Of Life) by the original manufacturers. For industries that require extended product support, there is a never-ending need for obsolete or discontinued semiconductors, which has led some companies toward the use of the semiconductor gray market, which has many inherent risks.

Transim's Design Center is a web-based application that accelerates the design-in complex products into your customers' target applications. Design Centers are already used throughout the analog-mixed signal and power management market place. New areas with pilot implementations or under development are motor drive systems, digital control using microprocessors and RF&MW

RF SiP and MCMs integrate CMOS integrated circuits (ICs) for digital circuits and GaAs or SiGe devices for RF and microwave circuits with soft-board laminates and LTCC packages. Software used to design these complex circuits must seamlessly bring together synthesis, simulation, and verification solutions via a single interface ensure optimum component design and placement in each technology.

This application note gives a short summary on the Allan variance as a measure of frequency stability and an example on how to calculate it, with measurement results from R&S spectrum analyzers. A software program to sample data from R&S spectrum analyzers and calculate the Allan variance is available.

As technology has advanced, tools have been developed that go beyond merely analyzing devices to tools that design devices. These tools allow the user to select basic structures with variable dimensions, size constraints, and performance goals and then iterate automatically until the best possible design is found. The user is freed from the burden of monitoring the progress of each individual simulation and can devote time to other tasks. This evolutionary step in simulation software is improving the productivity of engineers developing next generation devices in a variety of fields.

This application note describes the R&S ZVA_110 converters, which extend the frequency range of the R&S ZVA family of vector network analyzers to cover the millimeter-wave range. They cover the W band (75 to 110 GHz). Several measurement examples are included in this paper, explaining in detail how to configure a converter-based VNA system.