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5G has been rolling out for several years now but each 3GPP release is adding new capabilities to realize the full potential of the technology while companies are improving on device and system design to improve performance and cost. This eBook is part of our Nov 5G/6G and IoT themed issued focusing on 5G. The articles cover an overview of V2X technology, RF Front end design, a new cooling technology for 5G active antenna systems, new innovations in 60 NLOS technology, phase noise analysis for radar/SATCOM systems and new products in the industry.

Phase noise is caused by an RF waveform’s unintentional phase modulation, degrading the overall fidelity of a signal. In this white paper, learn phase noise fundamentals, how phase noise impacts the performance of radar and digital communications systems, and the limitations and advantages of two different phase noise measurement methods.

Simulation can be a big time-saver when designing EMI filters for DC/DC converters. Power supply control chip vendors offer various filter design tools that provide reasonable design choices for filter simulation before any hardware prototype is available. However, simulated results can differ significantly for different tools if simulated models are not accurate or do not cover all the relevant components.

The challenges that the industry is facing and the solutions that are being developed at each step of the supply chain to enable the 5G future form the basis for this eBook. The first entry dives into the 5G market, with a focus on base stations. It provides a good summary and forecast of the trends, drivers, ecosystem, technology shares and market segmentations for PAs in base station applications. The second entry describes integrating DAS networks to improve 5G coverage and article three provides and discusses the benefits of transitioning to a 5G standalone (SA) network. The fourth article gives a good overview of the importance of power amplifiers in 5G architectures and the challenges and advantages of integrating functions into PA modules. The final article discusses the benefits of Open RAN, a standardized approach to radio access network hardware and software disaggregation and how front-end reference designs can enable massive MIMO, which has become an essential. building block of the 5G future.

Microwave subsystems are complicated and have many tradeoffs in design. This is especially true with RF filter products. To help engineers navigate RF filter procurement, Q Microwave has created this comprehensive guide covering RF filter materials, configurations and packaging. This eBook reviews filter design, material selection, packaging, SWaP-C, and customization to meet unique needs.

This eBook addresses some of the challenges and best practices when designing and fabricating PCBs for RF applications. The first article gives a good overview of the fabrication process for a variety of different multilayer printed circuit boards. The second article provides insight into the reality of PCB fabrication versus the ideal models and how those differences become more important as circuits go higher in frequency. Article three acknowledges that these PCBs will operate at elevated temperatures, and it provides insight into the failure mechanisms, test methods and proper selection of substrate materials to optimize temperature performance. The fourth article provides good technical details about how to select the proper circuit board dielectric mate-rial as applications go higher in frequency. The final two articles address the finer points of the board design and manufacturing process for a microwave power amplifier and a microwave/millimeter wave patch antenna.

This paper explores the implementation of Mini-Circuits’ BFHK-series high-rejection LTCC filters in a coplanar waveguide (CPW) environment using a novel interposer board and related effects on filter rejection. Real test data from a leading customer’s evaluation of these filters in a channelized housing is presented demonstrating comparable rejection performance to that of stripline implementations in the range of 70 to 90 dB.

This application note provides a short technical introduction to voltage controlled oscillators and explains the most common and the most important measurements made during the VCO characterization process.

Radiofrequency engineers and microwave/mmWave antenna designers are often limited by the strict constraints of traditional antenna manufacturing methods, leading to compromised performance, reduced innovation, or ballooning costs. Fortify’s innovative additive manufacturing technology has unlocked possibilities, design freedoms, and more powerful antenna systems across a wide range of antenna applications. This RF applications guide presents nine ways that 3D-printed dielectrics will transform and enhance your antenna design.