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The satisfaction that mobile phones can provide is highly dependent on their autonomy. Three factors can be easily identified which have a strong influence on autonomy: the power consumption of the mobile phone, the intensity of the electromagnetic field near the mobile and the battery capacity. The first of...

The gigahertz transverse electromagnetic mode (GTEM) cell was first proposed in 1987 1 and subsequently patented in 1989 by D. Konigstein and D. Hansen 2 as a high frequency variant of the transverse electromagnetic mode (TEM) cell, which is also known as the Crawford cell. 3 The GTEM cell...

Measuring far field antenna patterns requires separating the transmit antenna and the antenna under test (AUT) by a large distance in order to minimize the field amplitude and phase variations across the test aperture. When the AUT is many wavelengths across, the far field distance becomes quite large. Thus,...

Generally, an oscillator can be seen as a positive feedback system. It usually consists of an amplifier followed by a resonator, which is fed back to the amplifier input, as shown in Figure 1 . The amplifier task is to compensate for the losses in the resonator, and the...

1996 saw Microwave Journal publish an in-depth look at the European microwave industry. It considered technological developments, pinpointed areas of activity and attempted to identify trends that would shape the future. In the light of the market's subsequent downturn, particularly in the telecommunications industry and the knock-on effect that...

Willkommen in München, home of the Oktoberfest. This October, though, the microwave community will also be celebrating a "Microwavefest," as European Microwave Week follows immediately on from the world famous beer festival. While the Oktoberfest may be enjoying its 170 th anniversary, the EuMW is a relative youngster, celebrating...

The 6 th European Microwave Week, to be held October 6 to 10 at the International Congress Centre Munich (ICM), is capitalizing on the success of previous events, with expected growth in the number of delegates and visitors. The Week covers all major aspects of RF, microwave, millimetre and...

Communication is essential for finding your way around an unfamiliar city. Once that is done it is easy to concentrate on the nice things, like visiting the sights, attending cultural events or simply getting to know people in a pleasant atmosphere. We at Rohde & Schwarz have been committed...

7 Layers ......H109 A.T. Wall Companies ......H53 ACAL GmbH ......GP Accent Optical Technologies ......H93 Actipass Co. Ltd. ......H95 Aeroflex ......H139 Agere Systems ......H52 Agilent Technologies ......G48 Alfred Tronser GmbH ......H51 American Technical Ceramics ......H74 Amplifier Research ......H101 Analog Devices ......G18 Anaren Microwave Inc. ......H12 Andrew Corp. ......G52 Anritsu Ltd....

The growing demand for mobile communications, mainly telephony, implies the need for better performance of RF transceiver architectures. A fundamental element in these front-ends is a voltage-controlled oscillator (VCO), the performance of which is a determining factor related to system limitations. Fully integrated VCOs usually suffer from poor phase...