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The past year has seen a flurry of activity related to bringing the next generation of broadband wireless technology, commonly referred to as Mobile WiMAX, to the market. Based on the IEEE 802.16e standard for local and metropolitan area networks, released in 2005, Mobile WiMAX promises wireless data connections...

A classical design approach for receivers operating at microwave frequencies is to down-convert the detected signal to some intermediate frequency before digitizing the signal. The final design of a receiver is chosen depending on performances, which can be described by various parameters. The most important ones are the broadband...

Wireless communication systems have been developed to offer higher data transmission, such as the currently popular bands of Wireless Local Area Networks (WLAN), IEEE 802.11b (2.4 to 2.48 GHz) and 802.11a (5.15 to 5.35 and 5.725 to 5.825 GHz). The planar antenna has a simple structure, lower profile and...

The measurements of microwave impedance and the Q of solid-state diodes has become increasingly important since the advent of the parametric amplifier. A new method of measuring the Q of such a diode, Q d , has recently come into rather general use; the purpose of this paper is...

In the design and use of coaxial devices, a knowledge of the leakage characteristics of radio-frequency cables and connectors is important, both in measurements and in the design of operational and test equipment. The evaluation and measurement of electromagnetic leakage through solid conductors, braids, screens, slits and other configurations...

Microstrip resonators have very important applications in microwave or millimeter-wave systems. They are important components of microstrip filters, microstrip oscillators and microstrip antennas, and enable miniaturization of microwave equipment with improved performance. The performance of a microstrip resonator relies on the electromagnetic field distribution, the resonant frequency and the...

Ku-band down-converter MMICs and receiver chips have been reported in the literature. 1–3 However, for one-chip transceiver applications in Ku-band, the following problems should be solved: • Ku-band commercial down-converter MMICs have been fabricated using GaAs MESFETs and HEMTs 1–3 because they can be easily integrated on one chip...

An optoelectronic device performs the transition between optical and electrical components. The trans-impedance amplifier is the most suitable preamplifier configuration in optoelectronic receivers. A block diagram of the circuit module is shown in Figure 1 . The trans-impedance amplifier is the first stage electrical amplifier in the receiver chain...

Hybrid mode horn radiators with high aperture efficiency and low cross-polarization levels are commonly used in wideband or multi-beam antennas in modern telecommunications. Such applications usually require the accurate prediction and optimization of the antenna performance parameters for both fundamental and higher order mode operation. Although various analysis tools...

The rapid expansion of digital RF applications has driven the measurement needs of many applications including mobile communications and spectrum management beyond the capabilities of swept spectrum and vector signal analysis. To address these new requirements, Tektronix has developed Digital Phospor Technology (DPX™) with live RF that first became...