White Papers

This application note introduces the Jitter analysis capabilities of the R&S® RTO Digital Oscilloscope and the Jitter option R&S®RTO-K12 for digital signals. It provides background information on jitter sources and standard jitter measurement tools. Furthermore it demonstrates Period jitter, Cycle jitter and Time Interval Error jitter measurements based on an application example. The benefits of different representations of the measurement results with histogram, track and spectrum display are discussed.

Wi-Fi and 5G are enablers of autonomous vehicles. The challenge lies in how these technologies work together and co-exist ¬without impacting vehicle operation and passenger safety. This paper discusses Wi-Fi and 5G, how they co-exist with selectivity filter solutions to enable vehicular communications and passenger safety.

HF stands for “high frequency” and is usually used to refer to signals with frequencies in the range of 3 MHz to 30 MHz, although in many cases the practical definition of HF has be extended down to frequencies as low as 1.5 MHz.

Communication requirements and channels have evolved drastically in the age of globalization and it has become imperative to enhance connectivity between organizations, world-wide teams, headquarters and employees on the field. Radio communications play an essential role in this, especially in public safety, fleet operations, mining and military applications.

One of the primary purposes of a gate driver is to enable power switches to turn on and off faster, improving rise and fall times. Faster switching enables higher efficiency and higher power density, reducing losses in the power stage associated with high slew rates. However, as slew rates increase, so do measurement and characterization uncertainty.

These days, Wi-Fi designs often include filters, but why and what types serve what purpose? In this paper by Qorvo, learn why it is important to understand how the Wi-Fi use case determines the type of filter to use in order to improve the quality of data communications.

The R&S®NRPM-A90(D) brings an unprecedented level of accuracy to absolute OTA measurements at an extremely reduced total cost of ownership. Furthermore, the detailed specifications enable you to determine the measurement uncertainty also for corner cases. Learn more in our material.

The automated test and measurement (ATE) landscape is rapidly changing, progressing beyond the capabilities of traditional bench-top and most legacy ATE systems. Varying and diverse performance requirements, testing speeds and frequencies used by modern cellular architectures (5G), Internet-of-Things (IoT) devices, and the latest feature dense systems-on-chip/systems-inpackage (SoC/SiP) necessitate a different approach.

Thru-Reflect-Line calibration has a number of advantages over the SOLT method often used in VNA calibration. For SOLT calibration, the standards must be accurately characterized. The opens and shorts might be characterized by electromagnetic simulation of the physical design or have associated one-port “data-base” files obtained by highly precise measurement.

Today’s satellite communication systems combine features from legacy cellular networks and emerging wireless technologies. New constellations are under development that attempt to provide ubiquitous mobility and internet networks via satellites, ground stations and user terminals (Figure 1). Each link in the supply chain presents unique challenges for R&D, production and deployment for both the components and system development.