White Papers

Engineering is all about connecting ideas and solving problems, and every tool you master enhances your ability to contribute. Explore Keysight Signal Analysis Basics and build a stronger foundation that will help you deliver your next breakthrough.

Load-pull simulation is a very simple yet powerful concept in which the load or source impedance presented to an active device is swept and its performance is measured. Performance contours are then plotted on a Smith chart, which shows the designer how changing impedances impact the device’s performance.

To stay ahead of the competition RF/Microwave, wireless, IoT, and other microelectronics, engineers and manufacturing teams must continuously evaluate the best new methods to produce efficient circuits. While the list of potential substrate materials is long, we’ll be focusing on a handful of top choices, each popular for different reasons.

The comprehensive 3D electromagnetic simulation software from Altair, FEKO, is well-suited for rotorcraft electromagnetic applications including antenna placement, rotor blade modulation, co-site interference, electromagnetic interference (EMI), electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) and radar cross section (RCS).  This paper addresses the suitability of these solvers in FEKO for the rotorcraft electromagnetic applications, also showing examples.

This white paper examines the use of envelop tracking, digital pre-distortion and impedance matching via load-pull to improve the efficiency and linearity performance of RF power amplifliers targeting 4G and 5G applications.

Learn practical strategies to overcome RF and microwave interference challenges in the field using real-time spectrum analysis (RTSA). Read about the different types of interference encountered in both commercial and aerospace defense (A/D) wireless communication networks. Uncover the drawbacks associated with traditional interference analysis and get an in-depth introduction to RTSA. Plus, see why this type of analysis is required to troubleshoot interference in today’s networks with bursty and elusive signals.

This whitepaper provides an overview of beamforming technology and a brief summary of application trends and evolving design considerations. Within this context, the second half of the paper explores how new high--‐performance modular DSP--‐based beamforming subsystems can help meet the emerging and future requirements for speed, functionality, configuration flexibility and software programmability, along with a lower cost of deployment and lifecycle maintainability.

This whitepaper demonstrates how XFdtd's time-domain EM simulation enables rapid development by analyzing the performance of a fully detailed sensor model installed behind a piece of fascia without needing to build prototypes and run tests in an anechoic chamber.  The analysis of a 25 GHz sensor frames the discussion.

When designing a high performance data acquisition system, a significant decision is what chassis form factor to use. A rackmount 19 inch chassis comes to mind as a good generic solution, and the PXIe version seems like a good candidate as it is standardized, reasonably priced, and available from multiple vendors. The only significant concern is that native PXI/PXIe modules are generally aimed at the testing market, which means they tend to have lower throughput, with less processing power than needed in high performance data acquisition systems.

The test process for complete wireless systems, subsystems, and components is very complex. Ensuring successful testing from design optimization, troubleshooting, and validation through wireless standards compliance, in a way that is time- and cost-efficient, requires a comprehensive test approach. Download this application article plus 3 others in the latest edition of the Keysight Application Solution Guide.