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When HFSS™ was introduced in February 1990, it created a new era in microwave design. Prior to this event, microwave design was limited to simple analyses and cut-and-try methods. With HFSS, engineers could conveniently build, analyze and refine three-dimensional (3D) microwave prototypes using their computers. For the first time,...

All 15 modules of the GENESYS RF/microwave design software suite have recently been enhanced. For 17 years, Eagleware has worked with thousands of customers worldwide to continuously upgrade its suite of synthesis, simulation and design environment tools. Major enhancements in the current release include new models, an antenna pattern...

Due to the fast development of wireless communications, a low cost, high performance, high integration technology is needed for system on a chip (SOC) implementation. The CMOS technology provides a good solution for SOC integration. 1 Recent improvements of the standard CMOS process make it possible to implement RF...

The number of mobile users is predicted to reach 1.7 billion by the year 2010. More than 45 percent of them will use high data speed services. W-CDMA, proposed by IMT2000, has become the most practical and important system for the development of new wireless communications. Nevertheless, second generation...

Successful microwave circuit realization requires flexible circuit analysis tools that allow engineers to prototype, analyze and verify their circuits. Today, available software tools offer standard features such as frequency analysis, tuning and optimization, but are differentiated by their model libraries and special customization capabilities. This article describes the design...

Modern commercial and military communication systems require high efficiency, long term operating conditions. For this purpose, the power amplifiers, as final and highly current-consuming transmitter elements, are developed using the high efficiency class B, F or E modes of operation, depending on the technical requirements. In class B operation,...

The W-CDMA standard expresses transmit quality in terms of EVM and ACLR, and receive quality in bit error ratio (BER). These quality measurements are simple scalar numbers representing a very complicated system. Modern communications channels (still) consist of a number of concatenated functions such as baseband (BB) processor, DAC,...

When employing circuit board plotters for product development the main requirement is for fast, efficient and flexible operation. Consequently, the high costs incurred by the long waiting periods inherent when externally procuring circuit board prototypes, particularly those with RF substrates, can be avoided. The ProtoMat 95s/II meets these requirements,...

Modern frequency synthesis uses a combination of frequency multiplication and frequency division to generate the required data and carrier signals for microwave radio and radar applications. Frequency multiplication increases the carrier frequency while increasing the phase noise of the carrier by 20log(N), where N is the multiplication factor. Conversely,...

A power divider is a basic microwave and millimeter-wave circuit dividing the input RF power by an arbitrary ratio. This circuit has a wide range of applications such as antenna systems, power amplifiers, power oscillators, balanced mixers and so on. Multiport power dividers/combiners have been used in power amplifiers...